While the new legislation targets espionage in general, it is part of the ministry’s broader shift in policy toward Russia, according to an internal document seen by POLITICO.
Under Austria’s current Criminal Code, operating or supporting a clandestine intelligence service is punishable if it harms Austrian interests. But espionage targeting other countries or international organizations is not covered in the same way, a loophole the government now wants to close.
The proposed legislation would introduce prison sentences of up to five years for espionage targeting EU institutions or international organizations with headquarters or offices in Austria, such as the United Nations, the OSCE and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The maximum sentence for espionage against Austria itself would increase from five to 10 years.
Austria pressured Russia earlier this year to dismantle satellite installations on its diplomatic properties in Vienna over concerns they could be used for espionage. At least three installations have since been removed. The country has expelled eight Russian diplomats since March 2025 for suspected espionage.
“Austria’s lax approach to spies is now firmly a thing of the past. Vienna remains a place for dialogue, but will no longer be a hub for espionage,” Meinl-Reisinger added, acknowledging that Vienna has long been known as a hotbed of spying.
Austria’s neutrality and its status as a non-NATO member have contributed to that reputation. During the Cold War, its proximity to the Iron Curtain made it a meeting point for intelligence services from East and West.